peace (Heb. šālôm, or shalom)—and these will be radically different from the righteousness, justice, and peace offered by the Roman Empire through its oppression and subjugation. In Christ, Paul boldly claims, the new age has begun, but it is not yet here in its fullness. God’s gift of the Holy Spirit—who is the Spirit of both the Father and the Son (Rom 8:9)—is at once the presence of God among the people of the Messiah and the promise of the fullness to come (2 Cor 1:22; 5:5; Eph 1:13–14). Scholars